Section 690.41 covers system grounding, allowing both grounded and ungrounded PV array conductors. Both types of systems require ground-fault detection on the PV source and output circuit conductors [690.5 and 690.35(C)] with one very restrictive exception. The only PV system that would not require ground-fault. . Equipment grounding requirements for PV systems are covered in 690.43. These requirements include the bonding and grounding requirements for exposed metal parts of PV systems such. . Sections 690.45 and 690.46 cover the sizing and protection of EGCs within a PV array. Since nearly all PV systems are required to have ground. . The last issue related to grounding electrode systems in the 2014 NECis Section 690.47(D), Additional Auxiliary Electrodes for Array Grounding. This section requires that an. . Section 690.47 covers the requirements for grounding electrode systems in PV systems. This section has seen many changes over the 30 years that Article 690 has been in the NEC (yes,. [pdf]
Effective grounding in photovoltaic (PV) systems is the creation of a low-impedance reference to ground at the AC side of the inverter—or group of inverters—that is designed to be compatible with the distribution network’s requirements and existing grounding scheme.
In general, effective grounding can be achieved with a grounding transformer as shown in Figure 1 (a). If the PV inverter has an internal transformer with the grounded wye to delta configuration, a grounding reactor can be used instead by accessing the neutral point of the inverter transformer.
A PV system is defined as a grounded system when one of the DC conductors (either positive or negative) is connected to the grounding system, which in turn is connected to the earth. The conductor that is grounded usually depends on the PV module technology.
Solar PV systems are still permitted to be grounded, per 690.41 (A) (1) and (5), and, for those PV systems that are, the dc grounded conductor is directly coupled (or coupled through electronic circuitry) to the ac grounded conductor, which is then brought to ground potential by being terminated to the neutral bus bar at the main service panel.
The specific bonding and grounding requirements for PV systems in Article 690 are in Part V. Section 690.41 covers system grounding, allowing both grounded and ungrounded PV array conductors.
Photovoltaic systems having dc circuits and ac circuits with no direct connection between the dc grounded conductor and ac grounded conductor shall have a dc grounding system. The dc grounding system shall be bonded to the ac grounding system by one of the methods in (1), (2), or (3).
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