When a power plants comes to the end of its operational life, the site is returned to its former self through ‘site decommissioning’. National Grid Electricity.
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1. Introduction. With the increasing popularity of Internet of Things technology in the smart grids, the access of numerous and various terminal devices has promoted the
The construction and demolition waste disposal industry plays a vital role in improving the utilisation rate of construction and demolition waste worldwide, however, too
The location of underground network facilities is intricately based on the existing transportation system, with certain facilities either clustered together or directly relocated
Site waste should be effectively managed during construction or demolition operations based on the site waste management plan (Lu et al., 2021). The amount and types of on-site waste should be estimated at the planning stage. Appropriate waste containers should be allocated for each kind of waste and placed close to the generation points.
In Shanghai and Zhoukou (Fig. 3), contractors should make an advance payment to an authorised account for disposal and transportation fees, according to the approved demolition amount in the disposal plan. The final payment can be made only after completion of transportation and waste disposal.
China's construction and demolition waste has been substantially increasing due to the country's urbanization.
Introduction Construction and demolition (C&D) waste is recognized as a critical issue globally (Hao and Ma, 2023). It accounts for more than 30% of total waste and is the largest waste stream worldwide (Wu et al., 2021). The environmental impacts of C&D waste cause serious air, water and land pollution (Moustakas et al., 2023).
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) represents at least 30% of this solid waste , and is expected to increase due to the urban sprawl [3, 4]. The amount and composition of CDW are variable around the world. However, globally, the largest generators correspond to the China, United States, and the European Union .
Although a circular economy for construction and demolition waste management has been promoted by the government in recent years, the transition from open-ended to close-looped circularity for construction and demolition waste management strategies have not been fully investigated.
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